Signatures of all things I am here to read, seaspawn and seawrack, the nearing tide, that rusty boot.
— Joyce, Ulysses (45)
What geomancy reads what the windblown sand writes on the desert rock? I read there that all things live by a generous power and dance to a mighty tune; or I read there that all things are scattered and hurled, that our every arabesque and grand jeté is a frantic variation on our one free fall.
— Annie Dillard (1974, 70)
According to Popper (1968, 174), ‘every language incorporates and preserves countless myths and theories, even in its grammatical structure.’ Science begins when myths and theories become self-modifying. ‘There is much less accumulation of knowledge in science than there is revolutionary changing of scientific theories.… science advances by the tradition of changing its traditional myths.’ Continue reading Sudden or gradual turning?
For Peirce, the scientific method was the only reliable approach to truth, in the long run. The ‘method of authority,’ as he argued in his 1877 essay on ‘The Fixation of Belief’, can be effective in establishing social consensus or unifying a community, but ‘the notion of any weight of authority being attached to opinions in philosophy or in science is utterly illogical and unscientific’ (EP2:206). Continue reading Authority and inquiry
Outside of an actual conversation with a specific partner in a current situation, an ideal writer would have nothing to say; while an ideal reader would see the truth in every sign (as well as its insufficiency), by seeing how it suits the situation.
Philip August Boeckh, writing around 1866, formulated the principle that the value of theory lies ‘in its capacity to bring unconscious activity to the level of consciousness’ (Mueller-Vollmer 1985, 133). Continue reading On meaning consciously
A bit of 20th-century scripture:
Man does not weave the web of life, he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself.
These words have been widely quoted since the 1970s, and encapsulate much of the ecological awareness developing since then. They are usually attributed to ‘Chief Seattle,’ and thus taken to speak for authentic Native American culture. The real story (like the web of life) is a little more complex.
Continue reading The web of life
We read the word wondering
what we mean by it.
We read the world wondering
what it means by us.
Continue reading Reading the world
The English word theory derives from a Greek root meaning either contemplation or being a spectator or onlooker, as in the theater. In purely theoretical science, one takes on the role of spectator rather than actor, so that he is not “trying to prove” his own idea. Continue reading Theory
The revealer of a sacred text typically feels himself to be the medium rather than the author of it. Likewise an artist may feel that her best work has been done through rather than by her own efforts. Continue reading Creativity or authority?
The number of coherent interpretations of a text may be infinite, but not all interpretations are coherent.
Texts frequently say more than their authors intended to say, but less than what many incontinent readers would like them to say. Continue reading Limits of Interpretation